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	<title>Robert Sparkes &#8211; Coastal Ecosystems Research Group</title>
	<atom:link href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/author/robertsparkes/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org</link>
	<description>We investigate the ecology, development and ecosystem services provided by coastal habitats in order to provide an evidence base for their restoration and creation. We are currently focused on the &#039;blue&#039; carbon storage potential and biodiversity value of restored coastal habitats.</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 08 Oct 2024 14:17:03 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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	<url>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-microscope-favicon-32x32.png</url>
	<title>Robert Sparkes &#8211; Coastal Ecosystems Research Group</title>
	<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org</link>
	<width>32</width>
	<height>32</height>
</image> 
	<item>
		<title>Analysis and Evidence Gaps around Carbon Accumulation in Restored Saltmarshes</title>
		<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/10/08/analysis-and-evidence-gaps-around-carbon-accumulation-in-restored-saltmarshes/</link>
					<comments>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/10/08/analysis-and-evidence-gaps-around-carbon-accumulation-in-restored-saltmarshes/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robert Sparkes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Oct 2024 12:59:11 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Reports]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/?p=885</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[2023, DEFRA report ME5324
A collaboration with Jacobs and the Environment Agency]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><a href="https://randd.defra.gov.uk/ProjectDetails?ProjectId=21451" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">DEFRA report ME5324</a></p>



<p>This is a collection of reports, authored in collaboration with Jacobs and the Environment Agency, in which we present:</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>Sediment accumulation rates at 15 restored saltmarshes in England,</li>



<li>Carbon accumulation rates at these 15 sites,</li>



<li>Gaps in the scientific knowledge around saltmarsh restoration:
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Habitat zones</li>



<li>Carbon stocks</li>



<li>Greenhouse gas fluxes</li>



<li>Effects of disturbance and land management</li>



<li>Countable carbon</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>



<p></p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Sharing our Standard Operating Procedures</title>
		<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/sharing-our-standard-operating-procedures/</link>
					<comments>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/sharing-our-standard-operating-procedures/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robert Sparkes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 2024 15:07:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News and Views]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/?p=723</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[A lot of science is like baking &#8211; you follow a procedure (recipe) and generate a batch of data (cake). If the same sample is analysed following the same procedure in two different laboratries, the data generated should be the same. This is not always the case, but standardising the approach across a research community &#8230; <a href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/sharing-our-standard-operating-procedures/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Sharing our Standard Operating Procedures</span></a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>A lot of science is like baking &#8211; you follow a procedure (recipe) and generate a batch of data (cake). If the same sample is analysed following the same procedure in two different laboratries, the data generated <em>should </em>be the same. This is not always the case, but standardising the approach across a research community reduces the scope for variability between datasets and allows for comparison between studies. </p>



<p>In a lot of cases, protocols are generated by carefully reading the methods section of a published paper, but publications are often written very concisely and some of the steps taken in the lab could be left out or hard to follow. The step-by-step protocol is less likely to be published, but could be much more useful for those trying to build upon published studies.</p>



<p>To avoid that confusion, I have created a <a href="https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/standard-operating-procedures/" data-type="page" data-id="655">new section of the website</a> dedicated to publishing the latest version of our laboratory standard operating procedures. These are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 license so you are allowed &#8211; encouraged in fact &#8211; to use, adapt, improve and share these protocols.</p>



<p>I also welcome feedback regarding the protocols. Comments are enabled on each one and you are welcome to highlight steps that are unclear or could be improved.</p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>015 Total Suspended Solids</title>
		<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/015-total-suspended-solids/</link>
					<comments>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/015-total-suspended-solids/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robert Sparkes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 2024 14:50:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[SOP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/?p=720</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Filtration of water samples to remove and measure suspended solids.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-59070064-cce3-42c0-a944-5e447a6cb1da" href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_015-Total-Suspended-Solids-v1.0.docx">BC_015 Total Suspended Solids v1.0</a><a href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_015-Total-Suspended-Solids-v1.0.docx" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-59070064-cce3-42c0-a944-5e447a6cb1da">Download</a></div>



<p>Filtration of water samples to remove and measure suspended solids.</p>



<p></p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>014 Nutrient Extraction</title>
		<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/014-nutrient-extraction/</link>
					<comments>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/014-nutrient-extraction/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robert Sparkes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 2024 14:46:06 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[SOP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/?p=717</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Extracting nutrients from sediment using de-ionised water.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-8a0ab888-503d-457a-8d99-cfefc0b8245b" href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_014-Nutrient-extraction-v1.0.docx">BC_014 Nutrient extraction v1.0</a><a href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_014-Nutrient-extraction-v1.0.docx" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-8a0ab888-503d-457a-8d99-cfefc0b8245b">Download</a></div>



<p>Extracting nutrients from sediment using de-ionised water.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>013 Dilute Acid Digestion</title>
		<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/013-dilute-acid-digestion/</link>
					<comments>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/013-dilute-acid-digestion/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robert Sparkes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 2024 14:44:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[SOP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/?p=714</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Extracting elements from sediments using dilute nitric acid.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-199f1aa0-5ab9-4f74-98d9-d2626155a402" href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_013-Dilute-acid-digest-v1.0.docx">BC_013 Dilute acid digest v1.0</a><a href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_013-Dilute-acid-digest-v1.0.docx" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-199f1aa0-5ab9-4f74-98d9-d2626155a402">Download</a></div>



<p>Extracting elements from sediments using dilute (0.43 M) nitric acid.</p>



<p></p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>012 BHP Extraction and Separation</title>
		<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/012-bhp-extraction-and-separation/</link>
					<comments>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/012-bhp-extraction-and-separation/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robert Sparkes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 2024 14:41:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[SOP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/?p=711</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Extration, separation, acetylation and preparation of BHPs.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-903108a7-e9ec-4721-ae69-cb0c279351e2" href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_012-BHP-Extraction-and-Separation.docx">BC_012 BHP Extraction and Separation</a><a href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_012-BHP-Extraction-and-Separation.docx" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-903108a7-e9ec-4721-ae69-cb0c279351e2">Download</a></div>



<p>Extracting lipids from dried sediments. Separating bacteriohopanepolyol (BHP) molecules from the total lipid extract. Acetylating BHP molecules and preparation for LC-MS analysis.</p>



<p>Citation: <a href="https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/characterization-of-diverse-bacteriohopanepolyols-in-a-permanently-stratified-hyper-euxinic-lake/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/characterization-of-diverse-bacteriohopanepolyols-in-a-permanently-stratified-hyper-euxinic-lake/">O&#8217;Beirne et al., 2022</a>.</p>



<p></p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>011 Dry Bulk Density</title>
		<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/011-dry-bulk-density/</link>
					<comments>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/011-dry-bulk-density/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robert Sparkes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 2024 14:38:08 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[SOP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/?p=708</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Sampling and measurement of dry bulk density.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-258409df-5aad-4c03-9733-9eb7bba063a2" href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_011-Dry-Bulk-Density-v1.0.docx">BC_011 Dry Bulk Density v1.0</a><a href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_011-Dry-Bulk-Density-v1.0.docx" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-258409df-5aad-4c03-9733-9eb7bba063a2">Download</a></div>



<p>Sampling and measurement of the dry bulk density of surface sediments.</p>



<p></p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>010 Sediment Core Sampling</title>
		<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/010-sediment-core-sampling/</link>
					<comments>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/010-sediment-core-sampling/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robert Sparkes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 2024 14:36:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[SOP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/?p=704</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Collection of 1 metre sediment cores.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-74f008b6-4db3-4dfd-8feb-0b44fa917028" href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_010-Sediment-Core-sampling-v1.0.docx">BC_010 Sediment Core sampling v1.0</a><a href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_010-Sediment-Core-sampling-v1.0.docx" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-74f008b6-4db3-4dfd-8feb-0b44fa917028">Download</a></div>



<p>Collection of 1 metre sediment cores using a steel auger.</p>



<p></p>
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		<item>
		<title>009 Sediment Surface Sampling</title>
		<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/009-sediment-surface-sampling/</link>
					<comments>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/009-sediment-surface-sampling/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robert Sparkes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 2024 14:34:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[SOP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/?p=701</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Collection of the top 15 cm of sediment.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-ab69ed66-634d-4c9e-a7b8-7ba87bcbf004" href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_009-Surface-sampling-v1.0.docx">BC_009 Surface sampling v1.0</a><a href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_009-Surface-sampling-v1.0.docx" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-ab69ed66-634d-4c9e-a7b8-7ba87bcbf004">Download</a></div>



<p>Collection of the top 15 cm of sediment using a steel auger.</p>



<p></p>
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		<title>008 Preparing Elemental Analysis Foils</title>
		<link>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/008-preparing-elemental-analysis-foils/</link>
					<comments>https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/2024/09/27/008-preparing-elemental-analysis-foils/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robert Sparkes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 2024 14:32:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[SOP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.defrostingthefreezer.co.uk/?p=698</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Adding sediment to tin foil cups.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-cad9fd39-533c-4d63-a88a-53903002421a" href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_008-Preparing-Elemental-Analysis-foils-v1.0.docx">BC_008 Preparing Elemental Analysis foils v1.0</a><a href="https://www.coastal-ecosystems-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BC_008-Preparing-Elemental-Analysis-foils-v1.0.docx" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-cad9fd39-533c-4d63-a88a-53903002421a">Download</a></div>



<p>Adding sediment to tin foil cups prior to quantification of C, N, O, H or S via Elemental Analysis.</p>



<p></p>
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